General characteristics of a Wineberry
The Japanese wineberry, also known as Japanese blackberry, is a woody shrub belonging to the rose family (Rosaceae). This species is native to Japan and has been introduced to various parts of the world, including North America and Europe. The species is very popular in vegetable gardens and food forests thanks to its edible fruits.
The Japanese wineberry has brown-red, spiny twigs that are densely covered with reddish glandular hairs. It is a decorative plant that looks beautiful. The Japanese wineberry blooms on the shoots that grew the previous year with white flowers and is pollinated by insects. Cross-pollination is not necessary, so you do not need to plant multiple plants for pollination.
The red fruits grow to a size of up to 12 mm, have a fresh, sweet-and-sour taste and are edible. They cannot be stored fresh for long, but can be frozen. They are also suitable for processing into juice or jam.
Characteristics
How to plant a Wineberry
Like blackberries, new plants form at the end of its branches when they touch the ground. It is best to harvest and transplant in March or April.
How to harvest a Wineberry
Cuttings at the end of the first year (branches) and self-seeds.
Caring for and pruning your Wineberry
It is recommended to keep the shrub well pruned. The species grows like a bramble and therefore spreads relatively quickly.
Where does a Wineberry grow
Japanese wineberry occurs in sunny to lightly shaded locations on moist, calcareous, humus-rich soil in light deciduous forests, forest edges, scrubland and clearings. It requires open ground in order to establish itself.
General
| Origin |
Alien
Invasive
Cultivar
|
| Tree Type | Shrub |
Length and Age
| Length in about 10 years | 1 Up to 3 Meter |
| Reproductive Maturity in How Many Years | 2 Up to 3 year |
| Maximum Age | 10 Up to 20 year |
| Required Space | 1 Up to 2m2 |
| Growth Rate |
Reproduction
| Tree is Self-Pollinating | Yes |
| Reproduction Method |
To cut (cutting is between 5 and 50 cm)
Makes seedlings
Makes root shoots
|
| Reproduction rate |
|
Reproduction rate
| 1. Very low reproduction rate. The plant hardly spreads, has few seeds or vegetative spread (e.g., trees with heavy seeds). |
| 2. Low reproduction rate. Spread via limited seed production or specific conditions required |
| 3. Average reproduction rate. Regular spread, depending on wind, water, or animals, at a moderate speed (e.g., dandelion). |
| 4. High reproduction rate. Many seeds and multiple spread strategies (wind, birds, vegetative). Quickly colonizes open spaces |
| 5. Very high reproduction rate. Invasive species that spread explosively over large distances (e.g., Japanese knotweed). |
Pruning Period
| This Tree is Evergreen | Yes |
| Summer | No pruning in summer |
| Winter | February tot March |
| Leaf Shapes | Hand-shaped |
| Easy to prune | Yes |
Bark Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)
| Lenticels | Yes |
| Colour |
Bud Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)
| Colour | |
| Bud Position |
Varied
|
| Bud Shape |
Pointed
Oval
|
Other
| Root |
Deep and wide roots
|
| Bloom |
Has flowers
Has fruits
|
| Wind sensitivity | Moderately sensitive to (sea) wind |
Diseases
| Sensitive to the Following Diseases |
Mildew
Greenfly
|
Harvest/recognition in winter
It is a deciduous shrub with overhanging leaflets, growing up to 3 m high. The shrub has vegetative branches with thin, red spines and long red glandular hairs. The leaves are usually trifoliate, with white hairs on the underside. The petals are white or pale pink, approximately 4 mm long and much shorter than the sepals, which are folded inwards.
Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) resembles Japanese wineberry, but raspberry has vegetative branches that are upright and have dark purple needle-like spines; in addition, the leaves of raspberry are 3-5-leaved, the petals are not folded inwards and the fruit is red or sometimes pale yellow and felt-like hairy. The American raspberry (R. spectabilis) has leaves that are green on the underside and purple-red, 10-30 mm long petals.
Light requirement of the Wineberry
Suitable soil types for the Wineberry
| Soil type | Suitability |
|---|---|
| light clay |
|
| heavy clay |
|
| sand |
|
| peatland |
|
| Loam |
|
| Moerig op zand |
|
| Lichte zavel |
|
| Zware zavel |
|
Humidity
Suitable acidity level for the Wineberry
Nutritional needs of the Wineberry
| 1. | Very nutrient-poor soil |
| 2. | Very nutrient-poor to nutrient-poor soil |
| 3. | Nutrient-poor soil |
| 4. | Nutrient-poor to moderately nutrient-rich soil |
| 5. | Moderately nutrient-rich soil |
| 6. | Moderately nutrient-rich to nutrient-rich soil |
| 7. | Nutrient-rich soil |
| 8. | Extremely nutrient-rich soil |
| 9. | Very extremely nutrient-rich soil |
Humidity
| 1. | Extremely dry soils |
| 2. | Extremely dry to dry soils |
| 3. | Dry soils |
| 4. | Dry to dry/moist soils |
| 5. | Dry/moist soils |
| 6. | Dry/moist to moist soils |
| 7. | Moist soils |
| 8. | Moist to wet soils |
| 9. | Wet soils |
To be applied in landscapes
| Landscape | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Agroforestry |
|
| Hedge |
|
| Hedge |
|
| Forest |
|
| Feeding hedge |
|
| Back yard |
|
| Small back yard |
|
| Solitary |
|
| Wood wall |
|
Cultural-historical value
Insects
| How many insects typically live on this tree/plant? | |
| Which insect groups live on this tree/plant? |
Bees
Butterflies
|
| Are there insects dependent on this species? | No |
| Which insect species are dependent on this tree/plant? |
Birds
| Average number of birds per tree/plant? | |
| Which bird groups live on this tree/plant? |
|
Mammals
| Average number of mammals per tree/plant? | |
| Which mammal groups live on this tree/plant? |
|
| Are there mammals dependent on this species? | No |
| Which mammal species are dependent on this tree/plant? |
Bloom Period
| Summer | May Up to June |
Tree Species
| Tree species that this tree prefers to grow with |
|
Suitable for mammals?
| Mammal | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Squirrel |
|
| Deer |
|
| Roe deer |
|
| Beavers |
|
| Badgers |
|
| Ferret |
|
| Goat |
|
| Herbivorous rodents |
|
| Dog |
|
| Cat |
|
| Chicken |
|
| Cow |
|
| Human |
|
| Mouse |
|
| Horse |
|
| Sheep |
|
| Pig |
|
| Foxes |
|
| Wild boar |
|
Explanation
Explanation
Edibility
- Toxic: This tree or shrub is toxic to mammals and absolutely unsuitable for consumption.
- Very unsuitable: This tree or shrub is unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can be harmful.
- Unsuitable: This tree or shrub is generally unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can have adverse effects.
- Moderately suitable: This tree or shrub is moderately suitable as food for mammals, possibly with certain risks or limitations.
- Suitable: This tree or shrub is generally suitable as food for mammals, with little to no risks.
- Very suitable: This tree or shrub is very suitable as food for mammals, safe, and of high nutritional value.
Trunk Height
Average Trunk Height (hg) of the basal area median tree
Information not available
Trunk Diameter
(dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree.
Information not available
Aboveground Biomass
in whole kgInformation not available
Belowground Biomass
in whole kgInformation not available
Substance Binder
| Which substances can be bound or absorbed? |
CO2
Particulate matter
|
Carbon Attraction (kf)
| (dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree | Deciduous Trees (Kf = 0,48) |
Warming Resistance
| This tree is well resistant to the warming (plus 3 degrees) of our climate and fits into the future of our climate (heat and drought resistant). | No |
CO2
| 0. | not filled in |
| 1. | no storage |
| 2. | low storage |
| 3. | moderate storage |
| 4. | high storage |
| 5. | very high storage |
Fine Dust
| 0. | not filled in |
| 1. | no capture capacity |
| 2. | low capture capacity |
| 3. | moderate capture capacity |
| 4. | high capture capacity |
| 5. | very high capture capacity |
This is what an adult tree Wineberry looks like
This is what the fruits of a Wineberry look like
This is what a Wineberry in bloom looks like
