Walnut
General characteristics of a Walnut
The walnut tree, commonly called the "walnut" after its fruit, is easily recognized by its odd-pinnate leaves, which are scattered along the branches and twigs. The leaves usually consist of 7 to 9 leaflets. The male flowers are long green catkins, while the female flowers are small and bottle-shaped. The bark of the walnut tree, due to its peeling and flaking, resembles the trunk of a plane tree, but the color range remains within several shades of gray. The tree produces fruit after about 10 to 15 years and blooms early in the year. The fruits are spherical, up to about 3.5 cm in size, green, and inside is the nut with its hard, wrinkled shell.
Immediately after fertilization, the walnut tree begins to grow. The nut is already in the husk. After about 3 months, the walnut tree is fully grown. The inside of the husk will change in late September/early October. The tissue between the husk and the nut will turn brown, so that the husk is no longer attached to the nut. Around mid-October, the husk will split open and the walnut (nut with shell) will fall out. Walnuts that fall to the ground are ripe for consumption.
The walnut is best planted as a specimen.
Characteristics
How to plant a Walnut
Roots should be at least 10 cm underground.
Any impermeable layers should be broken by deep plowing. The soil should be well fertilized with organic matter or manure. To prevent root diseases, do not plant walnut trees immediately after forest clearance. Wait about three years and remove all old root debris.
Grassland should be plowed and incorporated at least six months before planting to allow the grass to decompose properly. If this is not done, the young trees will have difficulty establishing.
Caring for and pruning your Walnut
The Juglans Regia walnut tree requires little pruning. It's important to only remove whole branches when pruning. Pruning can be done before mid-September. The best time to prune is June. This is when the unique tree is growing, and pruning wounds heal quickly. This minimizes the chance for pathogens to attack the tree. When pruning, you only need to remove dead branches or branches no thicker than 5 centimeters. Outside of the growing season, it's best to leave the Juglans Regia walnut tree alone. Pruning is not recommended between January 1st and May 1st.
Where does a Walnut grow
The walnut grows in many soil types, but thrives best in fertile, well-drained, deeply rootable soil with plenty of humus. The walnut is lime-loving. The optimal soil acidity is between pH 6.5 and 7.5. Its tolerance ranges from pH 5.5 to 8.5. The trees require a lot of lime, especially for shell formation. The walnut requires at least 80 cm of rootable soil. The soil must be tilled before planting young walnut trees.
The walnut's native range is southeastern Europe and central Asia. For its walnuts, the tree is planted in orchards, gardens around houses, and parks. You'll also find avenues planted with walnuts. From these planted locations, the species naturalizes and has become established in deciduous forests and scrublands.
General
| Origin |
Alien
|
| Tree Type | Deciduous tree |
Length and Age
| Length in about 10 years | 2 Up to 3 Meter |
| Reproductive Maturity in How Many Years | 10 Up to 15 year |
| Maximum Age | 150 Up to 200 year |
| Required Space | 100 Up to 400m2 |
| Growth Rate | trees.medium |
Reproduction
| Tree is Self-Pollinating | Yes |
| Reproduction Method |
Makes seedlings
|
| Reproduction rate |
|
Reproduction rate
| 1. Very low reproduction rate. The plant hardly spreads, has few seeds or vegetative spread (e.g., trees with heavy seeds). |
| 2. Low reproduction rate. Spread via limited seed production or specific conditions required |
| 3. Average reproduction rate. Regular spread, depending on wind, water, or animals, at a moderate speed (e.g., dandelion). |
| 4. High reproduction rate. Many seeds and multiple spread strategies (wind, birds, vegetative). Quickly colonizes open spaces |
| 5. Very high reproduction rate. Invasive species that spread explosively over large distances (e.g., Japanese knotweed). |
Pruning Period
| This Tree is Evergreen | Yes |
| Summer | June tot October |
| Winter | Information not available |
| Leaf Shapes | Oval |
| Easy to prune | No |
Bark Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)
| Colour |
Bud Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)
| Colour | |
| Bud Position |
Varied
|
| Bud Shape |
Egg-shaped
|
Other
| Root |
Deeply rooted
Taproot
|
| Bloom |
Has flowers
Has fruits
|
| Wind sensitivity |
Diseases
| Sensitive to the Following Diseases | Information not available |
Harvest/recognition in winter
Grow from nuts.
Seedlings are recognizable by ovate to square reddish-brown buds that alternate on the branch.
Light requirement of the Walnut
Suitable soil types for the Walnut
| Soil type | Suitability |
|---|---|
| light clay |
|
| heavy clay |
|
| sand |
|
| peatland |
|
| Loam |
|
| Moerig op zand |
|
| Lichte zavel |
|
| Zware zavel |
|
Humidity
Suitable acidity level for the Walnut
Nutritional needs of the Walnut
| 1. | Very nutrient-poor soil |
| 2. | Very nutrient-poor to nutrient-poor soil |
| 3. | Nutrient-poor soil |
| 4. | Nutrient-poor to moderately nutrient-rich soil |
| 5. | Moderately nutrient-rich soil |
| 6. | Moderately nutrient-rich to nutrient-rich soil |
| 7. | Nutrient-rich soil |
| 8. | Extremely nutrient-rich soil |
| 9. | Very extremely nutrient-rich soil |
Humidity
| 1. | Extremely dry soils |
| 2. | Extremely dry to dry soils |
| 3. | Dry soils |
| 4. | Dry to dry/moist soils |
| 5. | Dry/moist soils |
| 6. | Dry/moist to moist soils |
| 7. | Moist soils |
| 8. | Moist to wet soils |
| 9. | Wet soils |
To be applied in landscapes
| Landscape | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Agroforestry |
|
| Hedge |
|
| Hedge |
|
| Forest |
|
| Feeding hedge |
|
| Back yard |
|
| Small back yard |
|
| Solitary |
|
| Wood wall |
|
Cultural-historical value
Insects
| How many insects typically live on this tree/plant? | 7 |
| Which insect groups live on this tree/plant? |
Mites
|
| Are there insects dependent on this species? | No |
| Which insect species are dependent on this tree/plant? |
Birds
| Average number of birds per tree/plant? | |
| Which bird groups live on this tree/plant? |
tits
European robins
crows
western jackdaws
|
Mammals
| Average number of mammals per tree/plant? | |
| Which mammal groups live on this tree/plant? |
Squirrels
Mice
rats
|
| Are there mammals dependent on this species? | No |
| Which mammal species are dependent on this tree/plant? |
Bloom Period
| Summer | April Up to May |
Tree Species
| Tree species that this tree prefers to grow with |
|
Suitable for mammals?
| Mammal | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Beavers |
|
| Badgers |
|
| Squirrel |
|
| Ferret |
|
| Goat |
|
| Herbivorous rodents |
|
| Deer |
|
| Dog |
|
| Cat |
|
| Chicken |
|
| Cow |
|
| Human |
|
| Mouse |
|
| Horse |
|
| Roe deer |
|
| Sheep |
|
| Foxes |
|
| Wild boar |
|
| Pig |
|
Explanation
Explanation
Edibility
- Toxic: This tree or shrub is toxic to mammals and absolutely unsuitable for consumption.
- Very unsuitable: This tree or shrub is unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can be harmful.
- Unsuitable: This tree or shrub is generally unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can have adverse effects.
- Moderately suitable: This tree or shrub is moderately suitable as food for mammals, possibly with certain risks or limitations.
- Suitable: This tree or shrub is generally suitable as food for mammals, with little to no risks.
- Very suitable: This tree or shrub is very suitable as food for mammals, safe, and of high nutritional value.
Trunk Height
Average Trunk Height (hg) of the basal area median tree
Information not available
Trunk Diameter
(dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree.
Information not available
Aboveground Biomass
in whole kgInformation not available
Belowground Biomass
in whole kgInformation not available
Substance Binder
| Which substances can be bound or absorbed? |
CO2
Particulate matter
|
Carbon Attraction (kf)
| (dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree | Deciduous Trees (Kf = 0,48) |
Warming Resistance
| This tree is well resistant to the warming (plus 3 degrees) of our climate and fits into the future of our climate (heat and drought resistant). | No |
CO2
| 0. | not filled in |
| 1. | no storage |
| 2. | low storage |
| 3. | moderate storage |
| 4. | high storage |
| 5. | very high storage |
Fine Dust
| 0. | not filled in |
| 1. | no capture capacity |
| 2. | low capture capacity |
| 3. | moderate capture capacity |
| 4. | high capture capacity |
| 5. | very high capture capacity |
This is what an adult tree Walnut looks like
This is what the fruits of a Walnut look like
This is what a Walnut in bloom looks like
This is what the bud of a Walnut looks like
This is what the leaf of a Walnut looks like
