Hornbeam

Do you want to plant a Hornbeam? Here you will find all the information you need on how to best plant the Hornbeam, and on pruning and caring for your Hornbeam.
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General characteristics of a Hornbeam

Hornbeams are monoecious, male and female flowers occur on the same plant. They bloom in April and May. The branches are grayish with leaves scattered. The trunk is smooth with gray bark.

Characteristics


How to plant a Hornbeam

Roots at least 10 cm below the ground

How to harvest a Hornbeam

Hornbeams sometimes seed out after which the seedlings can be harvested.

Caring for and pruning your Hornbeam

Hornbeams can be kept in bush form and tree form. In shrub form, it is recommended to prune once every year. In mature trees, pruning is only necessary to maintain shape.

Where does a Hornbeam grow

Hornbeam is found in many places in the wild. It prefers moist, nutrient-rich and often calcareous soils. It can grow almost anywhere but prefers sandy soils.


General

Origin
Native
Tree Type Other

Length and Age

Length in about 10 years 5 Up to 10 Meter
Reproductive Maturity in How Many Years 10 Up to 250 year
Maximum Age 150 Up to 200 year
Required Space Up to 4m2
Growth Rate

Reproduction

Tree is Self-Pollinating No
Reproduction Method
Makes seedlings
Reproduction rate

Reproduction rate

1. Very low reproduction rate. The plant hardly spreads, has few seeds or vegetative spread (e.g., trees with heavy seeds).
2. Low reproduction rate. Spread via limited seed production or specific conditions required
3. Average reproduction rate. Regular spread, depending on wind, water, or animals, at a moderate speed (e.g., dandelion).
4. High reproduction rate. Many seeds and multiple spread strategies (wind, birds, vegetative). Quickly colonizes open spaces
5. Very high reproduction rate. Invasive species that spread explosively over large distances (e.g., Japanese knotweed).

Pruning Period

This Tree is Evergreen No
Summer May tot June
Winter September tot September
Leaf Shapes Oval
Easy to prune No

Bark Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)

Lenticels Yes
Colour

Bud Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)

Colour
Bud Position
Standing upright
Varied
Bud Shape
Pointed

Other

Root
Superficial rooting
Bloom
Has flowers
Has fruits
Wind sensitivity Sensitive to (sea) wind

Diseases

Sensitive to the Following Diseases
Beech bark disease
Mildew

Harvest/recognition in winter

Hornbeams are bare with leaf buds in winter. The buds sprout a few weeks earlier than hornbeam buds. 

Light requirement of the Hornbeam

The Hornbeam thrives best under these light conditions.
  • Full sun
  • Partial shade
  • Full shade

    • Suitable soil types for the Hornbeam

    In this overview, you can find which soil types are best for the Hornbeam to grow.
    Soil type Suitability
    light clay
    heavy clay
    sand
    peatland
    Loam
    Moerig op zand
    Lichte zavel
    Zware zavel

    Humidity

    A (ground)water level indicates how deep the groundwater usually is below the surface. The higher the Roman numeral, the deeper the groundwater.
    I
    II
    III
    IV
    V
    VI
    VII
    VIII

    Suitable acidity level for the Hornbeam

    Each soil type has a certain acidity level, measured in pH values. You can plant the Hornbeam in soil that falls within this range:
    0.0
    0.5
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    2.5
    3.0
    3.5
    4.0
    4.5
    5.0
    5.5
    6.0
    6.5
    7.0
    7.5
    8.0
    8.5
    9.0

    Nutritional needs of the Hornbeam

    Some soil types offer more nutritional richness than others.
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    2.5
    3.0
    3.5
    4.0
    4.5
    5.0
    5.5
    6.0
    6.5
    7.0
    7.5
    8.0
    8.5
    9.0
    1. Very nutrient-poor soil
    2. Very nutrient-poor to nutrient-poor soil
    3. Nutrient-poor soil
    4. Nutrient-poor to moderately nutrient-rich soil
    5. Moderately nutrient-rich soil
    6. Moderately nutrient-rich to nutrient-rich soil
    7. Nutrient-rich soil
    8. Extremely nutrient-rich soil
    9. Very extremely nutrient-rich soil

    Humidity

    Does Hornbeam like to have its roots in extremely dry (1.0) or wet (9.0) soil?
    1.0
    1.5
    2.0
    2.5
    3.0
    3.5
    4.0
    4.5
    5.0
    5.5
    6.0
    6.5
    7.0
    7.5
    8.0
    8.5
    9.0
    1. Extremely dry soils
    2. Extremely dry to dry soils
    3. Dry soils
    4. Dry to dry/moist soils
    5. Dry/moist soils
    6. Dry/moist to moist soils
    7. Moist soils
    8. Moist to wet soils
    9. Wet soils

    To be applied in landscapes

    0 = not filled in, 1 = unsuitable, 5 = very suitable
    Landscape Suitability
    Agroforestry
    Hedge
    Hedge
    Forest
    Feeding hedge
    Back yard
    Small back yard
    Solitary
    Wood wall

    Cultural-historical value

    0 = not filled in, 1 = low, 9 = high

    Insects

    How many insects typically live on this tree/plant? 51
    Which insect groups live on this tree/plant?
    Are there insects dependent on this species? No
    Which insect species are dependent on this tree/plant?

    Birds

    Average number of birds per tree/plant?
    Which bird groups live on this tree/plant?

    Mammals

    Average number of mammals per tree/plant?
    Which mammal groups live on this tree/plant?
    Are there mammals dependent on this species? No
    Which mammal species are dependent on this tree/plant?

    Bloom Period

    Summer April Up to May

    Tree Species

    Tree species that this tree prefers to grow with

    Suitable for mammals?

    toxic, 1 = unsuitable, 5 = very suitable
    Mammal Suitability
    Badgers
    Beavers
    Ferret
    Squirrel
    Goat
    Herbivorous rodents
    Deer
    Dog
    Cat
    Chicken
    Cow
    Human
    Mouse
    Horse
    Roe deer
    Sheep
    Pig
    Foxes
    Wild boar

    Explanation

    Explanation

    Edibility

    • Toxic: This tree or shrub is toxic to mammals and absolutely unsuitable for consumption.
    1. Very unsuitable: This tree or shrub is unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can be harmful.
    2. Unsuitable: This tree or shrub is generally unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can have adverse effects.
    3. Moderately suitable: This tree or shrub is moderately suitable as food for mammals, possibly with certain risks or limitations.
    4. Suitable: This tree or shrub is generally suitable as food for mammals, with little to no risks.
    5. Very suitable: This tree or shrub is very suitable as food for mammals, safe, and of high nutritional value.


    Trunk Height

    Average Trunk Height (hg) of the basal area median tree

    from - to, in whole meters, average

    Information not available

    Trunk Diameter

    (dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree.

    from - to, in whole centimeters, average

    Information not available

    Aboveground Biomass

    in whole kg

    Information not available

    Belowground Biomass

    in whole kg

    Information not available

    Substance Binder

    Which substances can be bound or absorbed?
    CO2
    Particulate matter

    Carbon Attraction (kf)

    (dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree Deciduous Trees (Kf = 0,48)

    Warming Resistance

    This tree is well resistant to the warming (plus 3 degrees) of our climate and fits into the future of our climate (heat and drought resistant). No
    CO2
    Particulate matter

    CO2

    0. not filled in
    1. no storage
    2. low storage
    3. moderate storage
    4. high storage
    5. very high storage

    Fine Dust

    0. not filled in
    1. no capture capacity
    2. low capture capacity
    3. moderate capture capacity
    4. high capture capacity
    5. very high capture capacity

    This is what an adult tree Hornbeam looks like

    Hornbeam - mature tree
    An arcade made of hornbeam trees
    The bark of the hornbeam
    Hornbeam - mature trees
    Hornbeam in winter

    This is what the fruits of a Hornbeam look like

    The seeds of the hornbeam
    Fruit and leaf of the hornbeam
    The seeds of the hornbeam

    This is what the bud of a Hornbeam looks like

    Buds of the hornbeam

    This is what the leaf of a Hornbeam looks like

    Hornbeam -leaf
    Leaf of the hornbeam