Hawthorn (single seed)
General characteristics of a Hawthorn (single seed)
The Common Hawthorn is a plant of the Rose family, very common almost everywhere in Europe. The species is usually found as a shrub in hedges, thickets and deciduous forest edges, sometimes also as a small tree, for example in the dunes, where the shape is strongly influenced by the wind. They have sharp, 1-2.5 cm long thorns. The buds are very small, reddish black and scaly.
The berries of the biennial hawthorn are somewhat rounder and redder than those of the monostyle hawthorn, which are more dark wine-red in color. In addition, berries of one-style hawthorns contain only one seed and those of two-style hawthorns contain two. The species can also interbreed among themselves creating bastards.
Hawthorns are very popular with bees and other insects. After flowering, the plant forms red berries that can be eaten by birds and other animals in the fall. Hawthorn is also a “host plant” for many typical Dutch insect species, such as moths, bees, flies and mushrooms. That hawthorn is a “host plant” means that over 80 species depend on the occurrence of hawthorn in our landscape to survive. So without hawthorn, many species simply do not survive.
Characteristics
How to plant a Hawthorn (single seed)
Roots at least 10 cm below the ground.
Caring for and pruning your Hawthorn (single seed)
Pruning a hawthorn hedge can seem like a difficult job, especially because of the large thorns found on the branches. However, if you wear good gardening gloves and protective clothing, the single-trunk hawthorn is fine to prune. The best time to do this is during the month of June. The hawthorn hedge will not get a very sleek appearance from the pruning, but it will look neat and tidy. You can prune the hawthorn hedge a second time in September. Then it will go into winter with a neat appearance.
However, if you prune the hawthorn hedge again in September, no flowers will appear on the branches in the spring. Keep this in mind. If you prefer a flowering hawthorn hedge, it is therefore advisable to stick to the one pruning per year in June.
Where does a Hawthorn (single seed) grow
Common hawthorn occurs in almost all moist fairly nutrient-rich soils and also has natural habitats on the steep, calcareous slopes of southern Limburg.
Hawthorns prefer nutrient-rich soils and tolerate slightly acidic to calcareous soils. Most species grow naturally on nutrient-rich and moist sandy and clay soils. Most hawthorns tolerate temporary drought very well, but they cannot tolerate wet feet.
General
| Origin |
Native
|
| Tree Type | Deciduous tree |
Length and Age
| Length in about 10 years | 3 Up to 5 Meter |
| Reproductive Maturity in How Many Years | 5 Up to 8 year |
| Maximum Age | 100 Up to 500 year |
| Required Space | Up to m2 |
| Growth Rate | trees.medium |
Reproduction
| Tree is Self-Pollinating | No |
| Reproduction Method |
To cut (cutting is between 5 and 50 cm)
Makes seedlings
|
| Reproduction rate |
|
Reproduction rate
| 1. Very low reproduction rate. The plant hardly spreads, has few seeds or vegetative spread (e.g., trees with heavy seeds). |
| 2. Low reproduction rate. Spread via limited seed production or specific conditions required |
| 3. Average reproduction rate. Regular spread, depending on wind, water, or animals, at a moderate speed (e.g., dandelion). |
| 4. High reproduction rate. Many seeds and multiple spread strategies (wind, birds, vegetative). Quickly colonizes open spaces |
| 5. Very high reproduction rate. Invasive species that spread explosively over large distances (e.g., Japanese knotweed). |
Pruning Period
| This Tree is Evergreen | No |
| Summer | June tot July |
| Winter | September tot October |
| Leaf Shapes | Four-part |
| Easy to prune | No |
Bark Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)
| Lenticels | Yes |
| Colour |
Bud Characteristics Seedling (50-200cm)
| Colour | |
| Bud Position |
Spread out
|
| Bud Shape |
Egg-shaped
|
Other
| Root |
Deeply rooted
|
| Bloom |
Has flowers
Has fruits
|
| Wind sensitivity | Not sensitive to (sea) wind |
Diseases
| Sensitive to the Following Diseases |
Fire blight
|
Harvest/recognition in winter
The twigs are dark red or brown. They have sharp, 1-2.5 cm long thorns. Buds are very small, green and ovate scaly. Seedlings have deep fine taproot and gray stem.
Light requirement of the Hawthorn (single seed)
Suitable soil types for the Hawthorn (single seed)
| Soil type | Suitability |
|---|---|
| light clay |
|
| heavy clay |
|
| sand |
|
| peatland |
|
| Loam |
|
| Moerig op zand |
|
| Lichte zavel |
|
| Zware zavel |
|
Humidity
Suitable acidity level for the Hawthorn (single seed)
Nutritional needs of the Hawthorn (single seed)
| 1. | Very nutrient-poor soil |
| 2. | Very nutrient-poor to nutrient-poor soil |
| 3. | Nutrient-poor soil |
| 4. | Nutrient-poor to moderately nutrient-rich soil |
| 5. | Moderately nutrient-rich soil |
| 6. | Moderately nutrient-rich to nutrient-rich soil |
| 7. | Nutrient-rich soil |
| 8. | Extremely nutrient-rich soil |
| 9. | Very extremely nutrient-rich soil |
Humidity
| 1. | Extremely dry soils |
| 2. | Extremely dry to dry soils |
| 3. | Dry soils |
| 4. | Dry to dry/moist soils |
| 5. | Dry/moist soils |
| 6. | Dry/moist to moist soils |
| 7. | Moist soils |
| 8. | Moist to wet soils |
| 9. | Wet soils |
To be applied in landscapes
| Landscape | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Agroforestry |
|
| Hedge |
|
| Hedge |
|
| Forest |
|
| Feeding hedge |
|
| Back yard |
|
| Small back yard |
|
| Solitary |
|
| Wood wall |
|
Cultural-historical value
Insects
| How many insects typically live on this tree/plant? | 209 |
| Which insect groups live on this tree/plant? |
Bees
Butterflies
Hoverflies
Bumblebees
|
| Are there insects dependent on this species? | No |
| Which insect species are dependent on this tree/plant? |
Yponomeuta padella
Early Moth
Brown-tail
Scarce Swallowtail
Hawthorn Shield Bug
Lochmaea crataegi
Eurasian bee beetle
Green apple aphid
|
Birds
| Average number of birds per tree/plant? | |
| Which bird groups live on this tree/plant? |
fieldfares
redwings
common blackbirds
Eurasian blackcaps
yellowhammers
|
Mammals
| Average number of mammals per tree/plant? | |
| Which mammal groups live on this tree/plant? |
|
| Are there mammals dependent on this species? | No |
| Which mammal species are dependent on this tree/plant? |
Bloom Period
| Summer | May Up to June |
Tree Species
| Tree species that this tree prefers to grow with |
|
Suitable for mammals?
| Mammal | Suitability |
|---|---|
| Badgers |
|
| Squirrel |
|
| Ferret |
|
| Goat |
|
| Deer |
|
| Herbivorous rodents |
|
| Dog |
|
| Cat |
|
| Chicken |
|
| Cow |
|
| Human |
|
| Mouse |
|
| Horse |
|
| Roe deer |
|
| Sheep |
|
| Pig |
|
| Foxes |
|
| Wild boar |
|
| Beavers |
|
Explanation
Explanation
Edibility
- Toxic: This tree or shrub is toxic to mammals and absolutely unsuitable for consumption.
- Very unsuitable: This tree or shrub is unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can be harmful.
- Unsuitable: This tree or shrub is generally unsuitable for consumption by mammals and can have adverse effects.
- Moderately suitable: This tree or shrub is moderately suitable as food for mammals, possibly with certain risks or limitations.
- Suitable: This tree or shrub is generally suitable as food for mammals, with little to no risks.
- Very suitable: This tree or shrub is very suitable as food for mammals, safe, and of high nutritional value.
Trunk Height
Average Trunk Height (hg) of the basal area median tree
Information not available
Trunk Diameter
(dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree.
Information not available
Aboveground Biomass
in whole kgInformation not available
Belowground Biomass
in whole kgInformation not available
Substance Binder
| Which substances can be bound or absorbed? |
CO2
Particulate matter
|
Carbon Attraction (kf)
| (dg) (1.30m) of the basal area median tree | Deciduous Trees (Kf = 0,48) |
Warming Resistance
| This tree is well resistant to the warming (plus 3 degrees) of our climate and fits into the future of our climate (heat and drought resistant). | No |
CO2
| 0. | not filled in |
| 1. | no storage |
| 2. | low storage |
| 3. | moderate storage |
| 4. | high storage |
| 5. | very high storage |
Fine Dust
| 0. | not filled in |
| 1. | no capture capacity |
| 2. | low capture capacity |
| 3. | moderate capture capacity |
| 4. | high capture capacity |
| 5. | very high capture capacity |
This is what an adult tree Hawthorn (single seed) looks like
This is what the fruits of a Hawthorn (single seed) look like
This is what a Hawthorn (single seed) in bloom looks like
This is what the bud of a Hawthorn (single seed) looks like
This is what the leaf of a Hawthorn (single seed) looks like
